- Conventional loan, 1-unit investment property: commonly 15–20% minimum, 25% for the best pricing.
- 2–4 unit investment property: often 25%.
- Owner-occupied 2–4 unit (house hacking): FHA 3.5% or VA 0% if you live in one unit — see the house hacking calculator.
- DSCR loans: usually 20–25%.
- Hard money / fix-and-flip: 10–20% of cost plus points (flip calculator).
Cash to close is more than the down payment
Add closing costs (often 2–5%), upfront repairs and lender-required reserves. A $300,000 rental with 25% down may need $95,000–$110,000 in total.